N9 Review questions: let's see if we can pull together to get some page numbers!!!!!
1.Power-as nurses. What are the historical perspectives? How do we get power through RN? How do we manifest power in a positive or negative way?
2.Application of political activist? As a nurse what activities do we do in a facility or outside a facility?
3.Expert power-reward power, coheres power. All power-how do we use them to influence or to gain outcome?
4.Why is empowerment so important?
5.Public policy-why should nurses be involved in public policy? How can we manage?
6.Team vs. group. How are they different? How are they similar?
7.Resolving conflict. What is the cause? What happens in the process?
8.What behaviors make an effective team?
9.Shared governance-application. Given a scenario and asked…this is an example of…..?
10.Communications. Verbal and nonverbal.
11.Actively listening
12.Application of polarity management with conflict.
13.Stages of conflict. Given a scenario. Understand stages of conflict.
14.Organizational conflict. Cause and application.
15.Hersey and Blanchard. Conflict resolution.
16.Delegation. Accountable, responsible, and when. Who is suppose to do what?
17.Stress internal and external. How to cut down? What are external, how to manage?
18.Hardiness-nurses need to be hardy/
19.Time management.
20.Professional organization-who do they benefit?
21.Coalition
22.Robert’s Rule of Orders
23.Why is networking so important?
7 comments:
It's not in order, but here's about half of it:
N9 Final Review:
Power: the ability to influence others in the effort to achieve goals.
Nurses began to exercise their collective power with the rise of early nursing leaders and the development of organizations that evolved into the American Nurses Association (ANA) and the National League for Nursing (NLN).
During the 20th century, the status and role of women and nurses changed. As the economic power of women evolved, so did the power of nurses. (Nursing is and has always been primarily composed of women.)
Social, technologic, scientific, and economic trends have shaped nursing and ability to exercise power.
In the 1990s nurses began to appear more often on news and talk shows as experts in healthcare, its changes, and its effects on the public.
Among nurses, oppressed group behavior is manifested in low self-esteem, passive-aggressiveness, and distancing one’s self from other nurses, and engaging in intragroup conflicts.
Nurses regularly influence patients in an effort to improve their health status and provide health teaching to provide needed information to change behavior and promote optimal health.
Types of Power:
-Personal Power: based on one’s reputation and credibility.
-Expert Power: results from the knowledge and skills one possesses that are needed by others.
-Position Power: possessed by virtue of one’s position within an organization or status within
group.
-Perceived Power: results from one’s reputation as a powerful person.
-Information Power: stems from one’s possession of selected information that is needed by others.
-Connection Power: gained by association with people who have links to powerful people.
Application of political activism:
Taking action may include working in a legislative campaign or volunteering in the community.
Other activities:
-Working with senators, members of Congress, representatives.
-Joining the ANA.
- Vote.
-Join Political Action Committee (PAC).
-Participate in nurse lobby day.
-Work on a federal or state campaign.
-Run for office at all levels; get involved local with political party.
-Shape policy.
Empowerment: gaining control to exercise one’s power.
-also the process by which we facilitate the participation of others in decision-making and taking action within an environment where they are free to exercise power.
Powerful nurse managers enable their staffs to exercise power, influencing them to grow professionally. Empowerment is the process by which power is shared with colleagues and patients as a part of the nurse’s exercise of power—supported through collaboration. Empowerment emphasizes the notion that power grows when shared.
Senators, lobbyists, congressmen/women, etc. make public policy.
Public policy: the sum of government activities, whether acting directly or through agents, as it has an influence on the life of citizens.
Nurses should be involved because avoiding involvement in politics of nursing, the profession, or area of public policy limits the power of the individual nurse and the profession as a whole. Politics permeates all organizations, including workplaces, legislatures, professions, and even families. Political activism should be an unwritten rule in nursing.
Group: a number of individuals assembled together or having some unifying relationship.
Team: a number of persons associated together in specific work or activity.
-has a high degree of interdependence geared toward the achievement of a goal or task
-have defined objectives
-ongoing positive relationships
-supportive environment
Effective teams:
*provide cost-effective, high-quality health care
-use creative problem-solving
-demonstrate mutual respect and support
-characterized by informality, clarity of purpose, commitment, communication, and ability to solve disagreements professionally.
Not every group is a team, and not every team is effective.
Ineffective teams:
-dominated by a few members
-leadership is autocratic and rigid
-communication is usually stiff and formal
-members are uncomfortable with conflict and therefore attempt to ignore it which makes problems grow worse
-criticism is personal, demeaning, and destructive
Communication is essential to team building and leadership.
-must be able to speak out in defense of others
-communicate your patient’s needs
-poor communication leads to misunderstandings and drama
Resolving Conflict:
Mediation: The mediator is usually an impartial helper who assists each party in the conflict in order to better hear and understand each other.
What causes conflict: primarily stems from a clash in individuals’ or groups’ values, differences in beliefs, attitudes, and expectations. Conflict arises from a strong sense, a feeling of incompatibility. Depending on the issues in the employee’s personal life, complicated matters on the job may produce compounding stress that is significant leading to conflict.
Conflict proceeds through four stages:
1) Frustration-occurs when people or groups perceive that their goals may be blocked.
2) Conceptualization-occurs when everyone involved has an individual interpretation of what the conflict is and why it is occurring—most often these interpretations are different and involve the person’s own perspective, which is based on personal values, beliefs, and culture.—*Forms the basis for everyone’s reactions.
3) Action
4) Outcomes
If anyone has anymore to add or anything to correct, feel free to do so. :)
And here is more:
Conflict stages (continued):
3) Action-intentions, strategies, plans, and behaviors that “flow” from the conceptualization.
Possible actions/nonactions include:
-attempt to downplay the conflict (Nonaction)
-Secrecy
-leader relies on power, policy, and procedure (Law and Order)
-cancelling meetings, not responding to others attempts at communication (Administrative Orbiting)
4) Outcomes-productivity may increase or decrease or stay the same,
-other conflicts may arise, and relationships may be strengthened, weakened, or ended.
-Were goals achieved? Were relationships changed? To what degree?
What behaviors make effective teams:
-define the conflict accurately
-do not avoid the problem
-able to negotiate/compromise
-are able to collaborate
-are consensus-seeking
(also see previous notes on teams)
Shared Governance (pg. 143):
-flat type of organizational structure in which decision-making is decentralized.
-allows nursing staff more autonomy to govern their practice
-nurses are allowed to be independent and accountable
**know examples of this/how it is applied**
Communication is enhanced through the use of written patient assignments, the development of nursing care plans, and the use of regularly scheduled team conferences to discuss patient status and formulate revisions to plan of care.
-Listening skills are essential to leadership skills.
-90% of the messages we communicate are nonverbal.
(pg. 346) *Communication in the work environment is not only important to good working conditions that retain nurses, but also critical to reduction of medical errors.
*Poor communication leads to breakdowns, misunderstandings, high levels of emotion, judgment, and an excess of drama.
*Communication barriers include: distractions, inadequate knowledge, poor planning, differences in perception, and emotions and personality.
Active Listening: means that you are completely focused and tuned into the individual who is speaking. It means listening without judgment, to the essence of the conversation so that you can actually repeat to the speaker most of the intended meaning. It means being 100% present in the communication.
(Polarities are unresolvable conflicts.
They have 2 neutral, independent poles, along with 2 upsides and 2 downsides.)
The application of Polarity Management in relation to conflict:
-the key is to sense downside consequences, or to be sensitive to feedback that there are negative consequences occurring, and take action toward the opposite pole.
-involves two opposing groups that are usually in conflict:
“Crusaders” are those dissatisfied with the downsides of the present pole and advocate action toward its opposite pole. “Tradition bearers” prefer the present pole, citing its upsides, and point to the downsides of the crusaders’ pole. This leads to arguments.
**Polarity management alters this communication to a mood of cooperation, collaboration, and support because both sides realize that any decision to emphasize one pole results in everyone experiencing the downside of that pole and, if stuck at that pole long enough, experiencing the downside of both poles at once.
Given a scenario understand which stage the client is in. (see stages in conflict process)
Organizational Conflict: conflict that occurs when a person confronts an organization’s policies and procedures for patient care and personnel and its accepted norms of behavior and communication.
---this needs an example of application
Hersey and Blanchard
I NEED HELP ON THIS ONE GUYS :(
Delegation (pg. 483)
Those who delegate must be able to demonstrate roles.
It is NOT the abdication of responsibility, YOU are accountable and responsible.
You share work with others that have the approval and the legal authority to do the work.
Delegation to an LVN or NA: you must make sure it was done because you are accountable.
*Assignments out of report is not delegation.
A nurse leader:
1) Delegates only to those proper staff
2) Requires all staff to be properly identified
The Five Rights of Delegation:
1. What is the potential for harm?
2. What is the complexity of the task? Is the delegatee able/authorized to do this?
3. The need for problem-solving and innovation: Did the intervention work? If not, what needs to be changed?
4. How unpredictable is the outcome?
5. Assess the level of interaction needed: Do I need to be there to explain this? Does the patient need my teaching? Or can the delegatee do this?
Common errors made during delegation:
-incomplete directions
-delegatee not basing work on protocol
-not making sure delegatee knows the expected outcomes
Things that CANNOT be delegated:
1. You cannot delegate initial assessments or intermittent evaluations, nor can you delegate professional judgments.
2. You cannot have anyone else determine nursing diagnoses, outcomes, goals, etc. (Nursing Process).
3. You cannot delegate interventions that require professionals (i.e.: giving blood).
4. Assignments cannot be delegated.
Stress:
-the uncomfortable gap between how we would like out life to be and how it actually is.
External sources:
Change
-nurses feel trapped by conflicting expectations (i.e.: cost-effectiveness vs. quality of care)
-loss of autonomy, increases in rules and regulations lead to distress for nurses.
Social
-stresses at home can impair work performance and relationships among staff
-“float” nurses must work with unfamiliar staff and may feel isolated
-nurses may feel that they have lack of opportunity for input
The Position
-working long hours may lead to errors
-role ambiguity and role overload leads to role stress
Gender Roles
-gender-related responsibilities at home can also lead to stress when added to the already stressful workday.
Internal sources:
Personal stress (i.e.: death of a loved one, automobile accident, losing a job, getting married, etc.), lifestyle choices, daily stressors, along with negative self-talk, pessimistic thinking, self-criticism, and overanalyzing all lead to stress.
Managing Stress:
Determine and manage its source.
It is wise for the nurse to be alert to his or her own signs of stress, and to develop lifestyle habits that help reduce stress.
Balance work and leisure.
Use social support to buffer negative effects of stress.
Counseling
As a leader/manager: be supportive of staff and assist with problem-solving.
Organize
Manage your time (set goals, set priorities, manage info and meetings, delegate when necessary)
The rest:
I hope this helps someone...:P
Hardiness:
-a composite of commitment, control, and challenge—these damper the effects of stress by challenging the perception of the situation and decreasing the negative impact by monitoring both cognitive appraisal and coping.
Why do nurses need to be hardy?
Hardiness allows nurses to thrive in stressful work environments.
Commitment leads to active involvement which decreases isolation.
Control leads to attempts at influencing outcomes instead of simple acceptance/powerlessness.
Challenge leads to belief that stressful events are opportunities for learning.
Why are professional organizations important? What is their purpose? Who do they benefit?
Professional organizations are powerful influences on the nursing profession and health care in general. Connecting with an association produces numerous benefits: substantial scholarships, opportunities to travel for conventions and meetings, networking, exposure to opportunities, exposure to new and emerging fields through socialization/conventions and meetings that provide members with potential contacts. Can also serve as an additional training ground; provide opportunities for leadership development, exposure to new issues, ability to influence health care policy, and act as client advocates.
Also allows for working with others which can lead to potential job opportunities or other benefits, coalition building, unification, advancing of nursing’s agenda, etc.
Coalitions: groups of individuals or organizations that join together temporarily around a common goal. This goal often focuses on an effort to effect change.
Robert’s Rules of Order
(This is not from the text):
Parliamentary Procedure is the best way to get things done at your meetings. But, it will only work if you use it properly.
1. Allow motions that are in order.
2. Have members obtain the floor properly.
3. Speak clearly and concisely.
4. Obey the rules of debate.
Most importantly, BE COURTEOUS.
Organizations using parliamentary procedure usually follow a fixed order of business. Below is a typical example:
1. Call to order.
2. Roll call of members present.
3. Reading of minutes of last meeting.
4. Officers’ reports.
5. Committee reports.
6. Special orders --- Important business previously designated for consideration at this meeting.
7. Unfinished business.
8. New business.
9. Announcements.
10. Adjournment.
The method used by members to express themselves is in the form of moving motions. A motion is a proposal that the entire membership take action or a stand on an issue. Individual members can:
1. Call to order.
2. Second motions.
3. Debate motions.
4. Vote on motions.
Why is networking important?
Today’s nurse needs to socialize with nurses in different career paths within nursing in order to draw upon invaluable advice and collective support. Also: Meetings provide members with potential contacts for nurses who hope to transition into that area.
way to go thanks that is a whole lot more than page numbers. GREAT JOB!!!
thanks lyndsay!
nice job
Thanks Linds!
THANK YOU so much!
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