Study Guide - N2 Ex. 1/ Part 1 - from Frank !!!

Study Guide for N2, Exam 1 by Frank !
1. Review risk factors, screening procedures and warning signs of cancer.
A. Risk Factors : age, foods, genetics, radiation & exposure, weight & physical activity, tobacco use, environmental concerns, communicable viruses
B. Screening Procedures :
PSA Test Begin by knowing your lumps & if they change, rectal bleeding, vaginal bleeding, etc. Biopsy Blood test (CBS's)
C. Warning Signs : [ Caution ]
Change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness

2. Review treatment modalities for cancer, including Chemotherapy, Radiation, Biological Mediators, and Surgery. Be aware of the variety of goals for each modality.
1. Chemotherapy - Destroy malignant cells, Control tumor growth, works best on fast growing cells
2. Radiation - For cure, control or palliation
3. Biological Mediators - Bone marrow & Stem Cell Transplantation, Interferon therapy is the most common. 4. Surgery (Types) - Preventive, Diagnostic, Curative, Reconstructive, Palliative

3. Be able to identify appropriate Nursing diagnosis for patients experiencing cancer treatment. Using Nursing Diagnosis, be able to select the best interventions for a described circumstances experienced by a cancer patient.
A. For Surgery :
1. Anxiety R/T Diagnosis & Intervention (Anxiety is a biggie)
- S/N will educate Pt. on procedures to reduce anxiety
2. Knowledge deficit RE: Cancer
3. Altered Tissue perfusion
- S/N will assist Pt. with ambulation & ROM Exercises
4. Potential for infection due to deficiency in protective mechanisms.
-S/N will :
- monitor VS & Blood count (WBC's)
- will use septic techniques (hand washing)
- will maintain Pt. hydration
5. Potential for injury R/T decrease in platelets

B. For Chemotherapy :
1. Alteration in nutrition less than body requirements R/T Nausea/vomiting
- S/N will educate Pt. on eating smaller portion
- Pt. will eat plain foods
2. Fluid Volume Deficit R/T Diarrhea
- S/N will monitor Pt. daily weight
3. Electrolyte deficit R/T Diarrhea
- S/N will monitor Pt. I & O's
- S/N will monitor fluid & electrolyte imbalance
4. Alteration comfort R/T diarrhea
- S/N will monitor pt. comfort level
5. Altered bowel elimination R/T diarrhea
- S/N will record pt. BM
6. Alteration in comfort R/T chemotherapy
- S/N will monitor pt pain level ... etc... page 57